«The Complete Poems of Tyutchev In An English Translation by F.Jude»

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Heine's Nordsee/North Sea, parts of which
Tyutchev translated, is a cycle. The lyrics take a theme and present it from
different angles and with different nuances, but however much each poem
might differ from another, they are deliberately, artistically linked by the
sea/abandonment theme, or whatever one might wish to call it.
It is not even useful to consider that he wrote lyrics loosely
connected, as did Lamartine in his group of Meditations Poetiques/Poetic
Meditations, number 1 of which Tyutchev translated, for all too often in
Tyutchev spontaneity is of the first importance in the writing of his best
works and spontaneity and cycles tend not to go hand in hand. The same
applies, from a literary-historical point of view, to periods. Continuity
is, as Liberman notes, a most important feature of Tyutchev's style, so much
so that "it is hardly possible to detect 'periods' in his creative life",
differences, when they do emerge, being "unrelated to the juxtaposition of
romanticism and realism". (A:19) Ultimately Tyutchev is unique in being a
brilliant and great poet who, it could be argued, had absolutely no desire
to be any kind of poet at all.
"It is possible that nothing leads us closer to contemplation of the
essence of literature than working at the translation of poetry, or at least
thoughtfully appraising such work." (D:11/147) Translation can enjoy certain
advantages over exegesis. Translators become acquainted with "their" authors
in a way not always permitted by the kind of interpretation which requires
neutral objectivity, ever respectfully acknowledging the work of others, be
that good, bad or indifferent. There are countless trenchant statements by
countless clever translators concerning the problems inherent in the process
of literary translation. Does the translator bring the author to the reader,
the "domesticating method", as one writer puts it, "an ethnocentric
reduction of the foreign text to target-language cultural values, bringing
the author back home, or does he adopt the "foreignizing method .... an
ethnodeviant pressure on those values to register the linguistic and
cultural differences of the foreign text, sending the reader abroad".
(D:25/20) Perhaps neither of these methods is applicable to Tyutchev, who,
it could be said, was Russian by nationality only and possessed to no
significant degree Russian cultural values. To translate one so
cosmopolitan, even rootless, perhaps the domesticating and foreignizing
methods are irrelevant.